Maine Rent Control Law

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1. Overview of Rent Control in Maine

Maine does not have a statewide rent control law — landlords outside covered cities can raise rent by any amount, as long as they give the required notice. However, two cities have enacted local rent control ordinances:

In addition, Maine state law gives all renters meaningful protections regardless of city: a 45-day notice requirement before any rent increase, a 12-month limit between increases for the same tenant, and a just cause eviction requirement that prevents landlords from removing tenants without a valid legal reason.

This article is a high-level overview based on publicly available sources. It is not legal advice. For questions specific to your tenancy, contact Pine Tree Legal Assistance or the appropriate city housing office.

2. Portland Rent Control

Portland's rent control ordinance was enacted by citizens' referendum in November 2020 and took effect shortly after. It is administered by the Portland Housing Safety Office.

Feature Details
Rent Cap 100% of CPI per year (no additional buffer)
Coverage Rental units in buildings constructed on or before April 1, 2020
Exemptions Owner-occupied buildings with 4 or fewer units; buildings built after April 2020; federally subsidized housing
Registration Landlords must register rental units with the city
Penalties $50–$500 per violation

Portland's CPI-only cap is stricter than most cities, which typically allow CPI plus a buffer of 3–5%. In practice, this has meant increases of 2–4% in most years. Landlords must give tenants proper written notice before implementing any increase and can petition for a hardship exemption if the cap prevents a fair return.

3. South Portland Rent Control

South Portland passed its own rent control ordinance in 2021. It applies a stricter cap formula than Portland and covers an older stock of buildings. Disputes are heard by the South Portland Rent Board.

Feature Details
Rent Cap 100% of CPI or 5%, whichever is lower
Coverage Rental units in buildings constructed before April 1, 1984
Exemptions Owner-occupied buildings with 5 or fewer units; federally subsidized housing
Rent Board South Portland Rent Board hears disputes and exemption petitions

South Portland's 1984 construction cutoff means many newer buildings are not covered. If your building was built after 1983, you are not covered by South Portland rent control, though you still have statewide protections.

4. Statewide Tenant Protections

All Maine tenants — regardless of whether they live in Portland, South Portland, or anywhere else in the state — have these protections under Maine state law:

45-Day Rent Increase Notice

Landlords must provide at least 45 days' written notice before any rent increase takes effect. This applies statewide, whether or not your city has rent control. The notice must be in writing.

12-Month Increase Limit

Rent can only be raised once every 12 months for a sitting tenant. If your landlord raises your rent, they cannot raise it again until a full year has passed since the last increase.

Just Cause Eviction

Maine requires landlords to have a valid legal reason to evict a tenant. Acceptable grounds include non-payment of rent, material lease violation, the landlord moving into the unit, and sale of the property. Landlords cannot evict tenants simply to raise rent for the next tenant.

Security Deposit Protections

Maine limits security deposits to two months' rent. Landlords must return the deposit (or provide a written itemized statement of deductions) within 30 days of the tenancy ending. Wrongfully withheld deposits can result in the tenant recovering double the withheld amount plus attorney fees.

5. Resources for Maine Tenants

Disclaimer: This article provides general information about rent control in Maine and is not legal advice. Laws change; always verify current rules with the Portland Housing Safety Office, the South Portland Rent Board, or a qualified attorney before acting.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Maine have statewide rent control?
No. Maine does not have a statewide rent cap. Only Portland and South Portland have local rent control ordinances. However, Maine does have statewide protections including a 45-day notice requirement, a 12-month limit on rent increases for sitting tenants, and a just cause eviction requirement.
How do I know if my building is covered by Portland rent control?
Your unit is covered if: (1) your building was built on or before April 1, 2020, and (2) your landlord does not live in the building and own 4 or fewer units. If both conditions are met, your landlord can only raise your rent by the CPI percentage each year and must register the unit with the city.
How much can a landlord raise rent in Portland?
Portland's cap is 100% of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). There is no additional buffer — unlike many other rent control cities that allow CPI plus 3–5%. In years of low inflation this means very modest increases; in high-inflation years like 2022 the cap was around 8%.
What is South Portland's rent cap?
South Portland caps rent increases at 100% of CPI or 5%, whichever is lower. So in a year where CPI is 7%, the cap is 5%. In a year where CPI is 2%, the cap is 2%. Only buildings built before April 1, 1984 are covered.
Can my Maine landlord raise rent without notice?
No. Maine law requires landlords to give at least 45 days' written notice before any rent increase takes effect. This applies statewide, even outside Portland and South Portland. If you did not receive 45 days' written notice, the increase may not be enforceable.
Can my Maine landlord evict me without a reason?
No. Maine requires just cause for eviction statewide. Landlords must have a valid legal reason — such as non-payment of rent, a material lease violation, or the landlord moving in — before beginning eviction proceedings. Retaliatory eviction is also prohibited.

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